Chinese Consonant g k h (3)

g	[k]	school	unaspirated k, as in school
k	[kʰ]	key	strongly aspirated k, as in kit
h	[x]	loch	roughly like Scottish ch. English h as in hay.

Chinese Vowel Initial (y-) (2)

Initial  (y-)
Pinyin	IPA	Initial	Explanation
i	[i]	yi	like English bee.
ia	[i̯ɑ]	ya	as i + a; like English "yard"
ie	[i̯ɛ]	ye	as i + ê; but is very short; e is pronounced longer and carries the main stress
iao	[i̯ɑʊ̯]	yao	as i + ao
iu	[i̯ɤʊ̯]	you	as i + ou
ian	[i̯ɛn]	yan	as i + ê + n;   sounded like English yen
in	[in]	yin	as i + n
ing	[iŋ]	ying	as i + ng
iang	[i̯ɑŋ]	yang	as i + ang

Chinese Tone

1. The first tone (Flat or High Level Tone):  ā (ɑ̄) ē ī ō ū ǖ Ā Ē Ī Ō Ū Ǖ
2. The second tone (Rising or High-Rising Tone):  á (ɑ́) é í ó ú ǘ Á É Í Ó Ú Ǘ
3. The third tone (Falling-Rising or Low Tone):  ǎ (ɑ̌) ě ǐ ǒ ǔ ǚ Ǎ Ě Ǐ Ǒ Ǔ Ǚ
4. The fourth tone (Falling or High-Falling Tone) : à (ɑ̀) è ì ò ù ǜ À È Ì Ò Ù Ǜ
5. The fifth tone (Neutral Tone):   a (ɑ) e i o u ü A E I O U Ü

 ma 1 妈: mother (n.)

ma 2 蚂 : ant (n.)

 ma3 马：horse (n.)

 ma4  骂：scold (v.)

 ma 吗：?

Chinese Vowel a e i o u (1)

Pinyin	IPA	Initial	Explanation
-i	[ɨ]	(n/a)	-i follows z-, c-, s-, zh-, ch-, sh- or r-.
a	[ɑ]	a	as in "fat"
e	[ə]	e	the unstressed syllables in Chinese use the schwa [ə] .
ai	[aɪ̯]	ai	as in "eye", but a bit lighter
ei	[eɪ̯]	ei	as in "cake"
ao	[ɑʊ̯]	ao	as in "allow"
ou	[ɤʊ̯]	ou	as in "so"
an	[an]	an	as in "ban"
en	[ən]	en	as in "taken"
ang	[ɑŋ]	ang	as in "sang"
eng	[əŋ]	eng	It sounds like en without nasal voice, and the sound is ended with the top of the tongue located at the back of the bottom teeth.
er	[ɑɻ]	er	as in "earn"

Chinese Consonant d t n l (2)

d	[t]	stop	unaspirated t, as in deer
t	[tʰ]	tick	strongly aspirated t, as in tea
n	[n]	not	as in English nick
l	[l]	lay	as in English loft

Chinese Radical 5

No.	Complicated	Vari­ants	Simplified	Pin­yin	Eng­lish	Stroke
41	寸			cun4	inch	3
42	小			xiao3	small	3
43	尢	尣		wang1	lame	3
44	尸			shi1	corpse	3
45	屮			che4	sprout	3
46	山			shan1	moun­tain	3
47	川	巛, 巜 (gui4)		chuan1	river	3
48	工			gong1	work	3
49	己			ji3	oneself	3
50	巾			jin1	turban	3